This project explores innovative approaches to the design and analysis of randomized studies, emphasizing flexibility and causal validity. Key areas of focus include adaptive and group-sequential designs, which enable interim decision-making and streamline trial conduct. Beyond biomedical research, we assess how these designs can be effectively applied in the social and behavioral sciences.

In a parallel line of work we develop new trial designs that embed causal thinking into the design phase, making underlying assumptions more transparent and plausible. While the methods are broadly applicable, special attention is given to rare-disease studies, where limited sample sizes pose unique challenges. The ultimate goal is to advance a flexible, assumption-aware framework for randomized studies.