Literature shows important social inequalities in cancer screening participation. This is problematic as cancer screening offers a unique prevention opportunity and reduces cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. Yet, screening programmes are only effective if every phase in the screening process is optimally addressed. Yet, in the Flemish context, 19.7% of all abnormal pap smears does not receive proper diagnostic evaluation. Therefore, this research will focus on documenting inequalities in cancer screening and perceived barriers to cancer screening participation. In addition, tailored interventions to increase health literacy and informed decision-making regarding cancer screening participation among vulnerable populations will be investigated, as well as identifying and tackling social inequalities in the adherence to diagnostic evaluation after an abnormal cervical cancer screening result.