This project investigates the impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics on food safety and human health through three core areas. First, it explores how plastics interact with pathogenic microorganisms, focusing on biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and virulence, assessing how these interactions might promote AMR or elevate pathogen infectivity. Second, it examines the toxicity of (nano)plastics on human cells using 3D cell models, including organoids and spheroids, by measuring gene expression, mitochondrial function, DNA damages, and oxidative stress responses among other endpoints. Lastly, it studies the interaction between nanoplastics and microbial toxins, such as cereulide and beauvericin, to determine if plastics influence toxin stability, potency, or uptake. The findings aim to clarify risks posed by microplastics to food safety and health.