The exponential increase of ecological catastrophes is a major concern for societies around the globe. Contemporary literature is taking up this concern as a “crisis of the imagination” which calls for new forms of expression. This project aims to analyze the literary forms Francophone novelists from Sub-Saharan Africa use to express the indeterminacies, instabilities and ambiguities that mark the current environmental situation and the experience of living in an ecologically devastated environment. I will focus on novels published after 1990 as the African literary imagination took an ecological leap forward in response to market globalisation and the establishment of capitalist regimes after fall of the Berlin Wall. Francophone literary production from Sub-Saharan Africa, which has remained a blind spot for Western criticism, has found ways, through antimimetic and nonrealist representations of the physical world, to create a vision of interconnectedness between the human and the nonhuman and to overcome binary distinctions between human agency and inanimate matter. Combining postcolonial ecocriticism with ecopoetics and econarratology, my analysis of literary genre, mode, narratological and rhetorical strategies will demonstrate how African literature renews ecologically conscious imageries, will shed new light on the transformations that characterize 20th and 21st century African literary history and will open the debate on the specificities of an African ecocriticism.