Reuse is broadly recognised as a common practice in the pre-war construction sector, but our understanding of what happened in the rapidly changing socio-economic context from the 1950s onwards, is much more limited. Unlike some neighbouring countries, Belgium suffered relatively little from the damages of WWII. It is the ruthless campaigns of modernisation, in the booming ‘trentes glorieuses’, which caused the disappearance of much high-quality built heritage. Belgian cities such as Brussels and Liège stand infamous for their destructive urban renewal campaigns; and the corresponding rapid suburbanisation of the countryside caused similar waves of destruction. A wealth of precious buildings was lost in the process.

But for their materials and elements, there was a market. Thanks to persisting, age-old salvage practices, (fragments of) these buildings were disassembled, traded, and reintegrated in new structures still erect today. The work of Marcel Raymaekers (°1933) stands out in that context. Raymaekers, an architecture school dropout relying on help to get his building applications approved, managed to produce a unique body of work between the 1960’s and the 2010’s. His buildings, mostly single-family homes for the new subdivisions, integrated large amounts of salvaged building components. 

In 2022, Rotor (having been granted a cultural subsidy by the Flemish community) and Ghent University started a research project to document and understand his practice. By looking into his oeuvre, we aimed to get a better understanding of the postwar reuse landscape in Belgium and specifically his networks and logistical organisation. In 1972, Raymaekers founded the Queen of the South, a reclamation and antique dealer that was deeply connected with the world of demolition and reclamation. Serving as the main source of his materials, ‘the Queen’ was at the heart of his practice.

The result of the research was published in 2023 in the form of a book. Ad Hoc Baroque (available both in Dutch and English) provides and overview of Raymaekers' architecture, since the way in which he combined reclaimed elements was truly unique. Averse to doctrines, fashions, and historical accuracy he treated them as blocks from a building set, assembling them for maximal aesthetic effect, often in an ad-hoc way, improvising with what was available at a given moment, and not infrequently mobilising the building owners themselves as builders. Focusing on intimacy, mellowness, surprise, and the cultural ‘aura’ embedded in reclaimed materials, his buildings are a remarkable counterweight for the main bulk of the architectural production in Belgium of the last 60 years. 

The book was officially launched at the Flanders Architecture Institute in Antwerp on 12 December 2023, complemented by the exhibition 'Unfolding the Archives #6 - Marcel Raymaekers, pioneer in circular architecture'. Complementary to the book, the exhibition zoomed in on a couple of material fluxes present in the oeuvre of Marcel Raymaekers. Eight specific material stories are told by showing the archival material that was dug up during the research for the book. From Meuse boulders over jetfighter cupolas to an Art Nouveau facade, the trajectory of each of these materials is shown from their sourcing to their eventual application in one of his projects. The exhibition fit within the exhibition series 'Unfolding the Archives', organised by the Flanders Architecture Institure (VAi) showcasing materials present in their collection. As such, it is the final step of the larger effort to not only document Raymaekers oeuvre, but to archive all of the material discovered during the research to make it easily accessible for further research. Hundreds of original pictures, plans and other documents have been scanned and included in the collections of the VAi during the course of the project. 

Authors: Arne Vande Capelle, Stijn Colon, Lionel Devlieger, James Westcott
Photography: Anja Hellebaut, Anthony De Meyere