There is a gap in the literature regarding the cognitive impact of conflict on war-affected populations (victims and perpetrators). The Colombian Internal Armed Conflict (CIAC) provides a distinct context for such research. Findings indicate a high prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among victims and ex-combatants (perpetrators) of the CIAC. Studies using electroencephalography (EEG) have shown that trauma and PTSD result in heightened bottom-up processing, impaired inhibition, and reduced top-down control. However, these findings have not been replicated in individuals affected by the CIAC. Furthermore, research suggests parental trauma and PTSD lead to an increased sensitivity to PTSD, known as intergenerational trauma transmission (ITT). Although there is preliminary evidence indicating ITT for processing biases, more research is required. To address these gaps, the current project will work with victims, ex-combatants, and their offspring to explore alterations in cognitive processes resulting from CIAC exposure and ITT. We will record brain activity with EEG across six studies focusing on either emotional processing or non-emotional processing. We expect previously found biases in trauma-exposed and PTSD patient populations to be replicated as well as more severe impairments in victims compared to ex-combatants for emotional processing. We hypothesize similar but milder biases will be observed in offspring as in their CIAC-exposed parents.