The Apennine mountain chain in Italy is often described as a crossroads of cultures during the pre-Roman Metal Ages (ca. 3000-300 BC), but archaeologists know little about how, why and where people moved through these mountains. Research of pre-Roman communities in these highlands is traditionally focused on long-distance connectivity and exchange networks, as well as the emergence of large settlement centers. Local socio-economic systems of mountain occupation, the practicalities of upland mobility, and the resilience of Apennine communities in changing environmental and political situations remain obscure through persistent research biases towards easily accessible lowland zones. The Mountain, Mobility, and Memory (MoMoMe) project investigates Metal Age mobility and occupation in two Apennine mountain zones using an interdisciplinary approach. Non-invasive geophysical techniques, archaeological field walking, the predictive modelling of mountain routes, environmental data, and ethnographical observations of recent and present users of the landscape are integrated to come to a better understanding of pre-Roman Apennine communities. The aim of the research is to integrate the mountainous backbone of Italy in models of Metal Age societies and to fine-tune archaeological methodologies for the study of marginal landscapes.