Biodegradable nanoparticles will be designed using biodegradable food- and plant-based biomaterials (for example, astaxanthin, enzymes). Using physical, chemical, and biological stimuli, the release will be precisely controlled to achieve the so-called “Trojan-horse” effect: precise delivery and controlled release. Application of herbal and plant-based nanoparticles with antioxidant functionality will be used to achieve antibacterial properties for cell culture and in vivo.