Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the dynamic landscape of wireless communications, addressing challenges that traditional approaches cannot solve. This project will explore the evolution of Wireless AI, focusing on the transition from isolated, task-specific models to more generalizable and adaptable AI models inspired by recent successes in large language models (LLMs) and computer vision. A unified Wireless Foundation Model is essential to surpass task-specific AI strategies in next-generation wireless networks.

Wireless Foundation Models, trained on diverse wireless data—including RF signals, images, sound, radar, and more—can be fine-tuned to perform various downstream tasks such as beam management, resource management, power management, modulation selection, environmental monitoring, vital sign monitoring, and others. Several challenges exist in realizing the vision of Wireless Foundation Models, such as designing effective pre-training tasks, supporting the embedding of heterogeneous time series, and enabling human-understandable interaction. Furthermore, it is crucial for Wireless Foundation Models to interact with LLMs, which can assist in extracting metadata (such as classifications, semantic descriptions of wireless network conditions, sensing applications, human behavior, etc.) from these models. This integration with LLMs can lead to the continuous optimization of wireless networks.

The goal of this project is to investigate Wireless Foundation Models by training transformers with various multi-modal wireless data—including RF signals, images, and radar—and fine-tuning these models for multiple downstream tasks for next-generation wireless networks, such as beam management, resource management, interference detection, environment characterization, and activity recognition.