Project

Diving into Ancient Seas: Testing the True Potential of Shark Teeth Through a Combined Geochemical and Histological Approach

Code
1176726N
Duration
01 November 2025 → 31 October 2029
Funding
Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO)
Research disciplines
  • Natural sciences
    • Biogeochemistry
    • Inorganic geochemistry
    • Geochronology
    • Geology not elsewhere classified
    • Vertebrate biology
Keywords
Direct U-Pb dating Palaeoenvironmental proxy Fossil chondrichthyan tooth histology
 
Project description
Fluorapatite is a unique material in fossils. It is a highly crystalline material and a remarkably stable and pristine substrate for deep-time palaeo-environmental proxies. This proxy is most famously applied in conodonts. Shark teeth contain fluorapatite as well, though only in their (stable) enameloid, and not in their (unstable) dentine. However, it is becoming increasingly clear (partly through our own work) that shark teeth histology is much more nuanced and that we must move beyond the mere distinction between enameloid and dentine. Here, we argue that the combination of advanced histological analysis (SEM images of etched sections) in tandem with state-of-art geochemistry (CL, EDS, WDS, and LA-ICP-MS ) is a novel but essential requirement to fully unlock the full potential of shark teeth as geochemical time-capsules. We hypothesize, and our preliminary data suggest, that using such approaches, it is possible to identify pristine areas within shark enameloid that are not only close in morphology and histology to conodonts, but also have the same high-fidelity proxy potential. The combined conodont (Cambrian-Triassic) and chondrichthyan (Triassic-recent) proxy would, as such, eventually carry analytical potential for the whole Phanerozoic. As a case-in-point for remarkable signal retention, we can demonstrate that shark enameloid allows direct U-Pb dating, and that the obtained ages can highlight the fidelity of the proxy.