This project responds to the urgent need for more research evaluating the potential of the increasingly popular temperate food forests to contribute to a transition towards nature-inclusive food production systems. In an extensive observational study, we will quantify food production and above- and belowground biodiversity in 15 food forests in Flanders and the Netherlands. We will compare the biodiversity of several groups of soil organisms and pollinating insects between food forests and nearby croplands, grasslands and forests to gain insight into whether and how food forests may help increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. To get an estimate of the food production, and the variability therein, in pioneering food forests, we use a citizen science approach.