Western societies are undergoing sustainable transitions to address climate and ecological challenges, transforming production, consumption, and lifestyles. These shifts occur across various sectors and scales, including energy, food, materials, transportation, and community organization. While sustainable transitions have been discussed since the 1960s, they are now visibly shaping mainstream economies, lifestyles, and environments. This shift represents a new paradigm aligning social practices with ecological goals. However, little is understood about how these transitioning environments operate socially, ecologically, and geographically, challenging existing social and environmental theories. This project examines European landscapes experiencing climate-related transitions, using social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences methods to build a comparative framework. The aim is to develop new empirical insights and theoretical perspectives on these transitional environments.