Understanding what motivates individuals to spend time and effort on tasks is a question that lies at the core of the social sciences. When economists have studied incentives, the main focus has been on using monetary rewards. However, organizations use a wide variety of non-monetary means to motivate their workers. A novel method is the implementation of game elements, i.e., symbolic rewards, positive feedback, and non-monetary competitions. Despite being so common and having well-known effects in training programs, government services, and public engagement, economists have been silent about its exploration. Based on my knowledge in behavioral and experimental economics, I will study when and why non-monetary game elements motivate employees to exert effort by conducting a (1) a systematic literature review, (2) a laboratory experiment, and (3) a natural field experiment.