Novel molecules have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of airway diseases, one of which is the group purinergic mediators. The most investigated purine is the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is actively involved in the development and aggravation of human airway diseases. The Nucleotides exert their cellular actions by binding to P2X (P2X1-7) or P2Y receptors (P2Y1-14). Though the role of purinergic receptors have been partially studied with agonist and antagonists, the molecular mechanisms and the receptorsubtypes involved in the upper airway diseases and their functional implication.