We will develop a paleoecological/paleoclimatological model for the last glacial-interglacial transition and the Holocene in south-central Chile (39-43°S), on the basis of high-resolution palynological, stratigraphical, and tephrochronological records. These records will be collected from Lago Villarrica (Chilean Lake District, 39°S) and Southern Chiloé Island (43°S). Both areas are characterized by a lack of paleoclimate records and the timing and directions of retreat of the Patagonian Ice Sheet in these areas is poorly described.