This research proposal presents a comprehensive plan to investigate the potential of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) as a promising approach to improve the Quality of Life (QoL) of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In response to critiques from the neurodiversity movement and stakeholders in the ASD field, we aim to shift the focus from narrow treatment goals to a more holistic approach that considers the happiness, wellbeing, and overall QoL of youth with ASD. Based on existing research, we hypothesize that AAT could be a promising approach to address this need, but methodological flaws and a lack of an integrated conceptual framework hinder its widespread adoption in the ASD community.

To address these challenges, we propose a four-part study. First, we aim to establish a theoretical framework for AAT by conducting a systematic review of existing literature and identifying common mechanisms of action which will be integrated with the current view on QoL. This framework will serve as a foundation for the subsequent studies. Second, we will investigate the practices of AAT in Flanders by surveying practitioners and collecting information on their methods, training, and treatment goals. This study will help us understand the current state of AAT in the field and identify potential areas for improvement. Furthermore, we will conduct a quasi-experimental investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of two forms of AAT, Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) and Canine-Assisted Therapy (CAT), on the QoL of youth with ASD. This study will compare the QoL of participants who receive AAT to a no-treatment group with children that have non-therapeutic contact with animals and a control group without any animal contact. Finally, we will expand on the previous studies by exploring specific mechanisms of action, in a controlled setting.

Overall, this research aims to develop more effective ASD treatments that are aligned with the needs of people with ASD and contribute to promoting neurodiversity and inclusion. By establishing a theoretical framework, investigating current practices, and evaluating the effectiveness of AAT, the research seeks to bring the research base of AAT to a higher level and bridge the gap between current narrow treatment goals and the strive towards happiness, wellbeing, and a better QoL for youth with ASD, offering valuable insights into the potential of this approach to improve their lives.