International biodiversity governance is an area which has, despite its key-importance, received relatively little attention in research so far. This research project aims to innovate in the study of transboundary governance models by looking not only at interstate cooperation, but also at areas characterized by both a stratification of governance mechanisms and the participation of a variety of stakeholders – such as park entities, transnational and subnational authorities, local communities, and indigenous peoples. Another innovative aspect is the attention paid to these governance models to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of measures aimed to prevent transboundary pollution and wildlife crime across the borders of European countries.