Emerging evidence in adults suggests that racial disparities and inequity in pain treatment pose a significant health problem. Preliminary findings in the context of pediatric pain converge with findings of the adult literature, yet systematic research in pediatric populations is lacking. In addition, other key knowledge gaps remain to be addressed. Specifically, little is known on mechanisms explaining why caregivers engage in discriminatory behaviors toward certain racial groups. Further, empirical studies have yet to examine key conditions that predispose caregivers to contribute more or less to racial disparities in pain care. Drawing upon our most recent affective-motivational theoretical account on interpersonal dynamics of pain, social psychology literature, and research on empathy and racial disparities in pain-related caregiving, the current research proposal represents the first systematic program of pediatric research examining 1) how caregivers’ attention towards sufferer’s pain contribute to racial disparities in pain care, and 2) how caregivers’ perspective-taking (i.e., self- vs. other-oriented) modulates racial disparities in pain care via observer’s attention towards sufferer’s pain. Critically, we will pursue these objectives in the context of children and adolescents with pain, who constitute a particularly vulnerable population that has been understudied thus far. A mixed method approach, including immersive Virtual Reality will be employed.