Brain disorders affect one in four people and treatment is often ineffective or invasive. It is an aspiration of medicine and neuroscience to non-invasively modulate any given region of the brain with high precision. Ultrasonic waves can be safely focused through the human skull and are able to modulate neuronal activity at millimeter resolution. The currently available ultrasonic
neuromodulation protocols for human applications have short-lasting effects and corresponding clinical potential. In this project the aim is to develop protocols able to induce longer lasting effects, i.e., beyond the duration of application in healthy volunteers. We will investigate the potential of two pre-clinically promising so-called low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (Li-tFUS) protocols using both stateof-the-art imaging and electrophysiological read-outs. This translational approach is a necessary prerequisite to work towards the full clinical potential to use Li-tFUS as an effective, non invasive, treatment for patients with prevalent brain disorders such as epilepsy, movement disorders, brain tumors and dementia.