The proposed project will investigate the phenomenon of transnationalism in the late 1960s and 1970s by focusing on the cultural exchange between Argentina and Belgium and the subsequent cross-border activities of Argentine artists in Europe. The specific focus lies on how these cross-border activities could be considered 'transnational' and how the 'transnational' is then adequately defined. Qualifying the notion of 'effect', which defines transnationalism as a twofold phenomenon in the sense that transnational artists have an effect on local art scenes and, conversely, that local art scenes have an effect on transnational artists, is central in this respect. By studying the transnational through a specific case of international cultural exchange, the project aims to strengthen the transnational field of art history from within by formulating clear and precise definitions that are currently lacking in the field. In addition, the specific conclusions the project will draw on transnationalism will ultimately counterbalance art historiographies written from a nationalist perspective.