Academic abilities (AA) are indispensable skills in daily life and highly predictive of later prosperity and quality of life. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) however show a very variable and unpredictable AA development, which is already visible in preschool on the domain of pre-academic competencies (PAC). In other groups of children the home learning environment (HLE) is an important factor in the development of AA and PAC, and although it may be even more important for children with ASD, until now it has been hardly investigated. Therefore, in the current project, we will study the HLE of 140 preschoolers with and without ASD, with a multitrait-multimethod approach. We will investigate the HLE of children with ASD, explore possible subgroups on the domain of PAC, and establish to what extent the HLE is associated with PAC, taking into account social-economic status, autism characteristics, language and IQ, all within the framework of the Opportunity-Propensity model.