Medicinal plants are widely consumed in Vietnam. They are mostly collected from natural sources putting pressure on biodiversity. Cultivation of medicinal plants is threatened by pests and diseases and plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are a major constraint. To date, prevalent measures against PPNs are still harmful chemical- nematicides. As medicinal plants are directly used for human treatments, chemical control of PPNs should be replaced by safe alternatives. Use of biocontrol agents will have a positive impact on the commercialisation of medicinal plants, both in the country and abroad (export). Endophytic bacteria may be excellent candidates. These microorganisms colonize root tissues inter- and/or intracellularly and have a mutualistic interaction with host plants. The endophytes may improve plant growth by supplying the host with nutrients, conveying stress tolerance, or inducing systemic resistance. Research is often restricted to in vitro or pot experiments on effectivity and their suppressive mechanism has not been fully clarified. An holistic approach is more likely to be successful. Through DNA barcoding changes in nematode communities will be monitored. The research will focus on the role of endobacteria in the cropping system and will fine-tune the functional interactions among endobacteria, crops, and the environment. With an holistic approach and knowledge on the mode of action, future selection and use of endophytic bacteria will be enhanced.