This project aims the further development and applications of XRF nanotomgraphy and confocal nanoanalysis as 2D/3D quantitative methods for single-cell trace-level elemental imaging in biological model systems under cryogenic conditions. The application of the developed nannochemical imaging techniques will be demonstrated on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), which will contribute to the understanding on how neutrophils can defeat fungal pathogens.