The project proposal addresses the following: 1. What are suitable tools to assess variability and uncertainty and 2.how should sensitivity analysis be performed in risk assessment: 3. Illustrating approaches considering two different case studies, namely the post-processing contaminant Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter, a zoonotic agent not growing in food products; 4. how is all this information useful for closing the gap between risk assessment and risk management