Circulating nucleic acids in blood plasma form an attractive resource to study human health and disease. We examined plasma cell-free RNA profiles for a variety of cancer types and demonstrated the potential of using patient-specific alterations in cell-free RNA profiles for discriminating cancer patients from controls. This method could open novel opportunities for cancer screening and therapy response monitoring. While the method has been validated to enable accurate classification of cancer patients and controls in 3 different cohorts (2 plasma cohorts and 1 urine cohort, representing 5 different cancer types), it is currently in a proof-of-concept stage and requires further validation. Wit this project, we aim to further strengthen our IP by evaluating the accuracy of our method for early cancer detection and therapy response monitoring using more extensive patient cohorts. Furthermore, we will assess the specificity of our method by also screening patients with non-malignant disease.