During a critical phase in the sensorimotor development of the hand and arm, the brain of an infant with NBPP is challenged not only by sensorimotor deficits but also by atypical, sometimes erroneous, neural input.

Functional imaging reveals abnormal activation in motor and somatosensory brain areas in children with NBPP, indicating early central reorganization. These changes impact motor planning and control, often leading to compensatory strategies involving the unaffected side, which negatively affects bilateral coordination.

While peripheral nerve recovery remains essential, modulation of central plasticity is equally critical. The lack of studies exploring the interaction between peripheral regeneration and cerebral reorganization highlights an urgent need for research. Through a systematic review and longitudinal study using EEG and fNIRS, we aim to gain insights that will refine interventions and improve functional outcomes.