Lung cancer is the third most prevalent cancer with the highest mortality rate in Belgium, based on the 2022 WHO report. The low survival rate is mainly due to diagnoses at a late stage given the lack of symptoms during early-stage lung cancer. Preventive measures and early detection are crucial in the control of lung cancer. Several successful initiatives (e.g. tobacco control and clean air policies) have been taken. However, our increased understanding of lung cancer highlights the large heterogeneity in risk among citizens. This requires further improvement of current prevention strategies towards a more personalized approach taking more risk factors into account. Stratifying by risk differences in exposure, sex, health status (e.g. COPD and asthma), and genetic predisposition would allow for example to perform low-dose computed tomography screening only in people with the highest risk of lung cancer. Recent studies showed a significant reduction in the mortality of lung cancer, when this screening is provided for middle aged smokers and former smokers. However, to identify the impact of more personalized prevention strategies in the general population, it is essential to identify and estimate the contribution of each risk factor in a large and diverse population. In this project, we therefore aim to identify lung cancer risk factors and evaluate new prevention strategies to reduce the burden of lung cancer.