The main aim of the proposed research is to investigate how the interplay of patent regimes, pharmaceutical regulation, availability of drug production facilities, health care infrastructure and service provision, and engagement by foreign donors influence appropriate, affordable access to medicines in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. We aim to map patterns of production, distribution, supply and consumption of medicines within five health care areas - HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Reproductive Health, Tuberculosis (TB) control, and Mental Health. We also plan to investigate the strategies and influence of selected Indian, Chinese and Brazilian producers who are active as exporters, partners in joint ventures, or as direct producers in the selected South Asian and African countries.