Increasing antropogenic pressure is accelerating land-use change, and generally increasing human impact on ecosystems.Especially in the tropics, where population growth is ongoing still, this poses huges challenges to the socio-ecological nexus. At the basis of the tension between human and natural ecosystems are the biogeochemical cycles. Ultimately biogeochemistry will define whether or not land management, or land-use in general, can be sustainable. In this project, we want to evaluate the biogeochemical sustainability of different systems, with the sole goal to see if socio-ecological systems (i.e. food production within the landscape of nature conservation) can be harmonized, and what the road to that harmonization is.