The Cash-in-Transit (CIT) sector, a niche within the private security industry, faces unique challenges and risks that have attracted limited academic attention despite its vulnerability to criminal activities. CIT-related crime rates reflect the sector’s attractiveness and potential financial gains. This doctoral dissertation explores the dynamics of the European CIT sector. In contrast to the broader private security industry regulations, CIT regulation focuses extensively on crime prevention. Recognising the diversity in CIT regulation across European countries, this dissertation discusses situational crime preventive measures implemented by the sector and governments to manage risks and prevent CIT-related crimes. European Commission’s attempt at harmonisation through Regulation (EU) No. 1214/2011 aimed to create a common framework for cross-border transport but faced challenges due to the persistence of national regulations and practical issues. Utilising a comparative case study, this dissertation examines CIT regulation and practices in Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the European Cross-border Regulation. By analysing the context, organisation, and preventive measures in each case, the study identifies patterns and evaluates the effectiveness of various strategies in preventing CIT-related crimes. The dissertation employs a theoretical framework drawing on routine activity theory and situational crime prevention principles. It assesses the applicability of these theories to the CIT setting and explores how the sector can benefit from adopting situational crime prevention measures proactively. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of CIT-related crime phenomena, prevalence, and modus operandi in each case, considering both national and transnational aspects.

The conclusion synthesises findings from the case studies, offering a situational crime prevention framework for CIT on both national and European level. The dissertation contributes to a deeper understanding of how situational crime prevention can be effectively employed in the CIT sector and addresses key discussion points for future consideration. Overall, this dissertation provides valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and CIT industry stakeholders seeking to enhance security and mitigate risks associate with CIT.